I. U .G.R.

I. U .G.R.

Definition

I.U.G.R. Is defined as failure of the fetus to acheive its genetic growth potential .
S.G.A.: fetus or neonate is below a certain defined centile of weight or size for a particular gestational age ( below 3rd or 5th centile ) ,and SGA are constitutionally small due to normal genetic influences.
While IUGR indicates that a particular pathological process is operating to modify the intrinsic growth potential of the fetus by reducing its growth rate .

Aetiology

1-Reduced fetal growth potential (intrinsic)
A-chromosome defect e.g trisomy 18 , triploidy.
B-single gene defects e.g seckel’s synd.
C-structional abn. e.g renal agenesis
D-infection e.g TORCH
Aetiology
2-Reduced fetal growth support (extrinsic)
A- maternal factors :
1.Undernutrition e.g poverty , eating disorders .
2.Maternal hypoxia e.g altitude , cyanotic heart disease .
3.drugs:cigarette smoking , alcohol, cocaine , warfarin, phenytoin,

2-Reduced feto – placental pefrusion

A-single umbelical artery.
B- twin – twin trasfusion syn

Complications
Antepartum complications
1- stillbirth (fetal death in IUGR more frequent after 35 weeks of gestation ) .
2- oligohydramnios ( in severe IUGR due to vasoconstriction in the fetal kidney results in impaired urine production ).
3- Antepartum fetal distress.