anemia in pregnancy

Anemia in pregnancy
Incidence Less than 5% in developed countries
due to :-
1.Better living slandered & nutrition.
2.Smaller & better- spaced families.
3.Wide spread use of oral contraception which
usually decrease menstrual loss
Physiological changes in
pregnancy
Plasma volume increase by 20% by 15 weeks
& 50% by 30-34 weeks (1250 ml).
? RBC increase by 14% (180 ml) without
supplementation iron & 28 %( 350 ml) when
extra iron & folic acid given.R.B.C mass will
increase due to increase erythropoietin1.? ability to withstand the effects of obstetric
hemorrhage.
2. Severe anemia predispose to infection.
3. It may ? risk of thrombo –embolism.
4. It predispose to decompensation in mother
with cardiac or respiratory disease. High output
cardiac failure is likely when Hb < 5g%.
5. Delayed physical recovery especially after c/s
& in multipara.
On the other hand, the effects of maternal iron
deficiency anemia on the fetus are negligible &
the baby has normal cord blood Hb level.
(possibly due to HPL).
? Because there is greater increase in plasma
volume than of the RBC this will lead to
hemodilution & physiological anemia.The lower normal limit of Hb during
pregnancy is 11 gm/dl, & PCV is 37%.
?
? Diagnosis of anemia in pregnancy:-
? Hb 10 gm / dl, pcv: 35 %.
Effects of anemia in pregnancy: