oral contraceptive pills

To know types, mechanism of action, and side effects of combined contraception.
2. to understand medical eligibility criteria of missed pills.
To know types and side effects of progesterone only contraception.

Ti is a widely accepted, effective, & usually reversible method of contraception. It’s introduced in 1956. 3 types:
1. combined oral contraceptive (COC).
2. Progesterone- only (minipills); contain either Norgestril or Norethisterone, taken each day.
3. Seqential oral contraceptives.

Formulations:- It contains both estrogen(usually Ethinyl oestradiol or Menstranol) & a progesterone. Previously use high dose pills (100 ug of estrogen), but now decrease the dose of estrogen to 20-50 ug; most women use 30-35 ug estrogen (low- dose pills). The progesterone either 1st or 2nd or 3rd generation
The pill is taken for 21 days followed by a 7-day break during which time withdrawal bleeding usually occurs. The pill should be taken at the same time each day, bed time is convenient. If the woman forgets to take the pill one night she can take it the next morning.
Combined pills are available as monophonic (preparation in which every pill in the pocket contains the same dose of steroids); & biphasic & triphasic pills ; in which the dose of both steroids changes once or twice during the cycle so that the regimen will mimics the normal cycle.