Cephalosporin

Are ?- lactam antibiotic, semi synthetic
- Structurally & functionally related to Pen
- Same MOA
- More resistant to ?-lactamase

1st generation:
cefaclor  Cephalexin (Keflex) in pharyngitis
cefadroxil
cephalothin
cefazolin
Cefazolin is effective for orthopedic surgery because of its ability to penetrate bone
 


Spectrum:
1st generation:
S aureus , S epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumonia , St pyogenes
Anaerobic streptococci
E coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus morabilis

2nd generation:
weak against G+ cocci

cefotetan

Cefuroxime Na
(used in acquired pneumonia, septicemia )

Cefuroxime axetil: ( against ?-lactamase producing MO)

Cefoxitin: G-

Streptococcus pneumonia ,
St pyogenes,
Anaerobic streptococci
N gonorrheae
G- cocci, G- bacilli
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella pneumoniae ,
Proteus morabilis,
Enterobacter aerogenes

3rd generation
Ceftriaxone , Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime
Ceftizoxime , Cefdinir , Ceftibuten, Cefixime
G- rods +Neiseria gonorrhea+ enteric MO+ Serratia
* Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime :1st choice for
Meningitis
-used in neonatal and childhood meningitis caused by H. influenzae
*Ceftazidime: act against P aurogenosa

3rd generation
Ceftriaxone , Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime
Ceftizoxime , Cefdinir , Ceftibuten, Cefixime
G- rods +Neiseria gonorrhea+ enteric MO+ Serratia
* Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime :1st choice for
Meningitis
-used in neonatal and childhood meningitis caused by H. influenzae
*Ceftazidime: act against P aurogenosa