anatomy ,physiology of the pharynx

Lec1 :

Anatomy, Physiology and Immunology
of the Pharynx :

The pharynx is a tubular, fibromuscular space extending from the skull base to the inlet of the esophagus (upper esophageal sphincter). Anatomically and clinically, the pharynx consists of a nasal part (nasopharynx), an oral part (oropharynx), and a laryngeal part (hypopharynx). The entire pharynx is bounded externally by several muscle systems, which perform diversefunctions and are continuous distally with the muscles of the esophageal wall.
The primary function of the pharynx and esophagus is to coordinate the act of swallowing, which is regulated by a complex interaction of various cranial nerves and peripheral muscular and connective-tissue structures located in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus. The pharynx also contains the tonsillar ring, a series of lymphoepithelial organs that are important in the immune response to infection. Finally, portions of the pharynx function as a variable resonance chamber for modulating vocal sounds.

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx,
andHypopharynx