Radio logical investigations of urinary system

Imaging of urinary system:

1-IVU
2-pyelogram
3-cystogram
4-urethrogram

Pyelography mainly used to detect the level of obstruction1.antegrade pyelogram2.reterograde pyelogram

Complication of AGP:
There are 4 main radiological Ix:
1 —IVU: Intravenous urography.
2- U/S
3-CT scan
4-Radioisotope scan.
Others (not frequently used): MRI, arteriography, antegrade or retrograde pyelogram.

Retrograde pylography:
can be performed by inserting catheter in to ureteric orifice at cystoscopy

INDICATIONS of IVU

Renal colic to visualize stones or obstructions
Heamaturia
Recurrent UTI to assess congenital anomalies strictures or urothelial lesions
Renal obstruction e.g. renal mass
assessment of renal outline pylocalyceal system ureters bladder urothelium
Others e.g.
Prostatitis
Neurogenic bladder
Trauma

PATIENT PREPRATION:

Laxatives is taken 24 hr before the examination
Nil by mouth for 4-6 hr before the examination
The patient should be ambulant as long as possible to decrease air swallowing
Certain measures is taken to certain group of patients e.g. DM and children

Plain film:KUB:
Calcification
1-T.B
2-stone
3-hydatid cyst
4- tumors
5- fibroid in female
Abdominal cavity
1- kidney outline
2- shadow of psoase muscle
3- bones