practical notes on clincal dermatology2

Common Cause of irritable papular skin Rash

1-Scabies 2-Insect bites
3-Atopic dermatitis 4-Contact dermatitis
5-Lichen planus 6-Dermatitis herpitiforms
Causes of Scaly scalp disorders:
1-Dandruff
2-Psoriasis
3-Contact dermatitis
4-Tinea Capitis in children and old ages.
5-Atopic eczema affecting the scalp.
6-Neorodermatitis of scalp .
7-Lupus erythematosus
8-Exfoliative dermatitis
9-P.R.P.(Pityriasis rubra pilaris).
Disorders of Pigmentation
Causes of Hyperpigmentation of the Face
1-melasma
2-post inflammatory hyperigmentation.
3-post frictional hyperpigmentation
4-phytophoto dermatitis .
5-Lichen planus actinicus.
Diffuse hyperpigmentation.(Hyper melanosis)of Skin
(1) post inflammatory hyperigmentation.
(2) Becker naevus .
(3) Naevus spilus.
(4) Café au lait spots.
(5) Phytophotodermatitis .
(6) Berloque dermatitis .
(7) Xeroderma pigmentosum .
(8) Endocrine disorders:Addison disease, acromegaly, cushing syndrome, pregnancy, oral contraception, phaeochromocytoma, carcinoid syndrome,ACTH and steroid administration.
(9) Drugs:some drugs which cause hyperpigmentation not invariably due to hypermelanosis alone but sometimes due to deposition of the .drug or it’s metabolite,either of which may be complexed with melanin .e.g. chloroqine,Minocycline,Psoralens,clofazimine,Arsenic…….etc.
(10) Systemic disorders:chronic renal failair,hepatic failair,chronic infections,Anaemia,vit A and D defeciency,mal absorption,neoplastic disease,lymphoma,macular amyloidosis and vagabonds.

What are the common causes of perioral
hyperigmentation
1- Friction . 2-Mild seborrhoeic dermatitis . 3-Phytophoto dermatitis .
4-Licking dermatitis . 5-Post inflammatory hyperigmentation .
6-Lichen planus actinicus .
Melasma
Melasma is chronic disfiguring,relapsing hyperpigmentation of the face,take many patterns seen mainly in female in reproductive life,it is a disease of female although it is comm0nly seen also in male. Its types are :-
1- Ordinary butterfly type(affect cheek,bridge of nose and moustache area)
2- Mask all the face(mask type).
3- Horse shoe appearance.
4- Single patch.
There are 3 major pigmentory problems in Iraq;vitiligo,melasma and frictional hyperpigmentation.