oligohyramnios and polyhydramnios

Amniotic fluid is produced almost exclusively
from fetal urine from the second trimester
onwards. It serves a vital function in
protecting the developing baby from pressure
or trauma, allowing limb movement, hence
normal postural development, and permitting
the fetal lungs to expand and develop through
breathing.• 2 types:
• 1. Acute polyhydramnios :<30 weeks and fluid
accumulates quickly(uniovular twin).
• 2. Chronic polyhydramnios:? 30 weeks and
A- Maternal:
• 1.D.M(badly controlled D.M),
•1.Multiple pregnancy(in monochorionic twin it
may be due to twin- twin transfusion
syndrome).
• 2.congenital abn. Of CNS: NTD such as
anencephaly, spina bifida(fetus does not
swallow normally).C- Placental:
• 1. chorioangioma of placenta.
• 2. Arterio-venous fistula.
• D- Idiopathic (most cases 65%).
• 3. congenital abn. Of GIT: oesophageal atresia,
trachea-esophageal fistula, duodenal
atresia(inability to swallow).
• 4. Neuromuscular fetal condition 2. Rh isoimmunizationexcess fluid accumulates gradually