Medical Terminology Lect 3 25/1/2017

Lecture 3 Foundation 25 / 1 / 2017
Abbreviations & symbols see on PDF
Anatomic Reference Systems see on PDF
Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Greek
Singular Suffixes Plural Suffixes
-on Spermatozoon, ganglion -a Spermatozoa, ganglia
-ma Carcinoma, lipoma -mata Carcinomata , Lipomata
-sis Crisis, prognosis -ses Crises, Prognoses
-nx Larynx, pharynx -ges Larynges , Phalanges

Latin
Singular Suffixes Plural Suffixes
-a Vertebra, conjunctiva -ae Vertebrae , Conjunctivae
-us Bacillus, bronchus -I Bacilli , Bronchi
-um Bacterium, ilium -a Bacteria , ilia
-is Testis -es Testes

Latin
Singular Suffixes Plural Suffixes
-ex cortex -ices Cortices
-ix Appendix -ices Appendices
-ax thorax - aces Thoraces

Prefix : Prefixes usually indicate location, time, number or status( Negation or absence of) and Color . Comes at BEGINING of word. A prefix is added at the beginning to change the meaning of the term. Pre- natal means time & events before birth. Peri- natal means time and events just before, during, & after birth. Post- natal means time & event after birth. Nat- al means pertaining to(al) + birth (nat). Number prefixes Bi = 2 Di = 2 ;Hemi = half Mono = 1 ; Multi = many Nulli = none . Poly = many Quad = 4 ;Semi = partial or half ;Tri = 3 Uni =one
Prefixes : We know now Prefix is a word part that is placed at the beginning of word , prefixes are commonly prepositions , it may be verbs or may be syllables . The same prefix can be attached to word root resulting in thousands variation e.g. Hyper – means excessive or abnormally increase . Hyper- tension = high BP . Hyper-acid = high acid secretion . Hyper- active = high activity . Hyper- glyc –em- ia = high blood suger Prefix can dramatically change the meaning of the word e.g. Systole means contraction of the heart , whereas Asystole ( a- ) means no contraction . Prefixes in dictionaries are located alphabetically and given the origin either Greek ( Gr ) or Latin ( L )
First set . Prefixes Related to position regarding time & place include : Noct( i ) , Ante- , Peri- , Ter- , Post- , Pre-
Second set . Prefixes describing position in relation to other part: Anti- , ecto-, endo- , hypo-
3rd Set : Prefixes related to type: Andro- , Allo- , Auto- , Bio- , Cryo- , Mal- , Dys- , Eu- , Hydro-

4th Sets are Prefixes describing direction :
Ab- , ad- , ex- , retro- , Dextro- , Laevo-

Set 5 prefixes ( Number & quantity )
Bi, Di- , Poly- , Multi-

Set 6 Prefix ( Size & Amount ) :
Mega- , Micro- , Macro-

Set 7 Prefix related to color :
Leuco- , Rubro- , Xantho-



Pronunciation guidelines
? The “soft” pronunciation of the consonant is used when followed by e, i or y
? “c” sounds like “s”
cell, circulation, cyst
? “g” sounds like “j” when followed by e, i or y
genetic, gingivitis, gestation
? “ch” sounds like “k”
chronic, chromium, cholecystitis, psychologist
? When a word ends in “i” it is pronounced like “eye” as in
bacilli
? “x” is pronounced “z” as in
xylocaine
xenophobic
When “P” is at the beginning of words followed by a consonant:
? “ph” is pronounced “f” as in
pharmacy
? “pn” is pronounced “n” (silent “p”) as in pneumonia, pneumococcus
? “ps” is pronounced “s” (silent “p”) as in psychotic, psychosocialpsychologist