ُexmples of testicular tumor

ُexmples of testicular tumor
Yolk sac tumors (YST) (endodermal sinus tumors)
These are the most common primary testicular neoplasm in children younger than 3years of age. In adults, yolk sac tumors are most often seen admixed with embryonal carcinoma. Yolk sac tumors represent endodermal sinus differentiation of totipotential neoplastic cells.
Grossly, these tumors are often large and may be well demarcated.
Microscopy discloses low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells

Microscopy discloses low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells forming microcysts,sheets, glands, and papillae, often associated with eosinophilic hyaline globules. Adistinctive feature is the presence of structures resembling primitive glomeruli, the socalled Schiller-Duvall bodies. ?-fetoprotein (AFP) can be demonstrated within thecytoplasm of the neoplastic cells by immunohistochemical techniques.

Choriocarcinomas represent differentiation of pluripotent neoplastic germ cells along trophoblastic lines.
Grossly, they are often small, nonpalpable lesions, even with extensive systemic metastases. Microscopically, they are composed of sheets of small cuboidal cells intermingled with large, eosinophilic syncytial cells containing multiple dark,
pleomorphic nuclei; these represent cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic differentiation, respectively. The hormone hCG can be identified with immunohistochemical staining.
Teratomas represent differentiation of neoplastic germ cells along somatic cell lines.
Grossly There are firm masses that on cut surface often contain cysts and recognizable areas of cartilage.
Microscopically, three major variants of pure teratoma are recognized:
1. Mature teratomas contain fully differentiated tissues from one or more germ cell layers (e.g., neural tissue, cartilage, adipose tissue, bone, and epithelium) in a haphazard array.
2. Immature teratomas, in contrast, contain immature somatic elements reminiscent
of those in developing fetal tissue.
3. Teratomas with somatic-type malignancies are characterized by the development

testicular teratomas in adults often contain other malignant germ cell elements and therefore should be generally regarded as malignant neoplasms.
Mixed germ cell tumors account for 40% of all testicular germ cell neoplasms.Combinations of any of the described patterns may occur in mixed tumors, the most common of which is a combination of teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac
tumors