Embryology & Anatomy of Genital Tract

Embryology & Anatomy of Genital Tract
It s necessary to understand the embryology of genital tract as both the urinary and genital tract develop from the common mesodermal ridge running along the posterior abdominal wall so sometimes the congenital anomalies of the genital tract is associated with congenital anomalies of urinary tract .

Development of the genital organs:
During the 5th week of embryonic life the nephrogenic cord, develop from mesoderm and form urogenital ridge and mesonephric duct, which form the wolfian duct later on. While the paramesonephric duct will form later on the mullerian system (uterus, cervix, fallopian tube).
The fate of this develop depend on the secretion of the gonads.
The mesonephric duct consist of large ovoid organ on each sides with the developing gonads on the medial side of its lower portion.
Assuming that is female development, the two-paramesonephric duct extend caudally into urogenital sinus and develop to form the female genital organ while the wolfian duct degenerate.
The lower third of the mullerian duct come together in the midline, fuse and develop into uterus and cervix. At first there is a septum and then disappear to form a single cavity (the uterus).
the lower end of the fused mullarian duct proliferate to form a cord,, then during the 9th week of embryonic life this cord make contact with sinovaginal bulb and provide for the length to the vagina, while the solid sinovaginal bulb start to canalize and form the lower part of the vagina, complete canalization occur at 6th or 7th month of embryonic life.