Metabolism of individual amino acids

Metabolism of individual amino acids
The degradation of amino acids usually begins with deamination. However, transamination or oxidative deamination is not the first reaction in catabolism of eight amino acids:
Serine and threonine are deaminated by dehydration, and histidine undergoes deamination by desaturation.
The five remaining amino acids are deaminated later on, after partial transformation:
Arginine – deamination occurs after transfomation to ornithin,
lysine – transamination follows the transformation to ?-aminoadipate,
methionine – deamination of homoserine,
proline – deamination after conversion to glutamate,
tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alanine is
released.
Each carbon skeleton of deaminated amino acids follows a unique metabolic pathway to compounds , which can be completely oxidized by way of the citrate cycle to CO2 and water.
In spite of this common fate, amino acids are classified as glucogenic and ketogenic according to the type of their intermediate metabolites.
The glucogenic amino acids give rise to pyruvate or some of the intermediate of the citrate cycle, which can serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis.